reducing adjective clauses
You can omit the relative pronoun from the adjective clause when it is the object (A good rule to remember: If the word after the RP is a verb, you must have the RP there. Sedikit mengulas kembali tentang adjective clause, bila kita ingin menambahkan keterangan atas salah satu bagian sebuah kalimat dapat dilakukan dengan cara menggunakan adjective cause.Belajar juga tentang Contoh Adjective Clause When dalam Bahasa Inggris Found insideForinstance, many sentences containing adjectives have counterpartswith relative clauses: (a) The hungry guestate all ... then reducing the relative clause to theadjective 'hungry', andfinally repositioning the adjective beforethenoun ... (sub-conjunction and verb, eliminate the conjunction and make the verb -ing) Link to lessons on reducing adverb clauses:. Rules for reducing: You can only reduce a clause with a subject pronoun You have to check the verb situation of the adjective clause → progressive (be + verb ing) 1- If the relative pronoun is followed by be+ Verb ing. (sub-conjunction and to be, omit them all) The rules that allow allowing public access to wilderness areas need to be reconsidered. Non-identifying adjective clauses don't follow the same rules for reduction as do identifying relative clauses. Found inside – Page 181Verbal may apply to spoken or written words; it connotes the process of reducing ideas to writing. Usually, it's a verbal contract, ... Principle is a noun; principal may be a noun or an adjective. Right: It's the principle of the thing ... Relative pronouns: who, whom, that, which, whose, NOTE: adjective clauses can start with a relative adverb too. in the adjective clause when the pronoun is the object of the clause. I don’t have any authority to order the people. Beware, too, that it isn't always possible to reduce an adjective clause to an adjective phrase. For examples, • While I was working there, I made contacts with lots of customers. Omit the relative pronoun. For example: The students [who are waiting for the bus] are impatient. Nah, kedua hal tersebut dapat dihilangkan dalam kasus reduced adjective clauses. Reduced Adjective Clauses. ‘ can be used to give essential or non-essential information about a noun or a pronoun. REDUCED: Found insideAdjective clause examples 92 - Object of the adjective clause 93 - Adjective clause with whose 94 - Adjective clauses 95 - Relative pronouns 96 - Relative pronouns as objects 97 - Relative clause: whose 98 - Reducing Relative clauses to ... Adjective clauses that begin with an expression of quantity are more common in writing than speaking. 3 videos (Total 14 min), 5 readings, 4 quizzes. Adjective clauses can be reduced to phrases. Let’s look at some examples of reduced adjective clauses before we understand how they are reduced, and why we do it. Found inside – Page 306that “ an “ slightly ” reduced , but , at the same time , other salaries , espeadverbial clause qualifies the sentence like an adverb , ' ' and ( III . ) that cially those of male assistants , were augmented . “ an adjectival clause ... Found inside – Page 255The adjective clause in this sentence largely defines the word kin, which actually may not need a specific ... for L2 writers: Adjective Participial Phrases Adjective participial phrases are derived by reducing an adjective clause to an ... If it is not possible, write "not possible" on the line. explanation to help you learn from your mistake. keep the adjective and the modifier (adjective phrase) placed after the noun/pronoun modified. Found inside – Page 35The head of a phrase (the verb in a verb phrase, the adjective in ... Empirical results do not support the prediction in German verb final clauses (Bader & Lasser, 1994), Korean (Kim, 1999), Japanese (Miyamoto, 2002) or to my knowledge ... 9 hours ago. As a Reduced Adjective Clause: Mary has a Dog playing in the backyard with its toy s. Adjective clause reduce with no " that " and with the verb in " ing. What Is The Longest Name? Edit. Found inside – Page 24In like manner state the character of modifying phrases and clauses , as adjective , adverbial , etc. ... Distilla- 5 In parsing a noun or prononn , observe the following order : tion : Reducing by separating at different temperaClass ... adjective clauses: connectors to review basic adjective clauses, see level 4 above 12. Dr. Stanton, who is the president of the university, will give a speech at the ceremonies. From the lesson. Appositive: An excellent student, Dana has won a scholarship. Apposition, Grammar, English Language, Adjective. Dependent adjective clauses function as adjectives, and they contain a subject and a verb. Reduced relative clauses exercise adapted from Life by National Geographic. Pada video ini, saya menjelaskan salah satu materi dalam TOEFL PREPARATION bagian STRUCTURE, yaitu Reduced Adjective Clause. E.g. NOTE: The dashes take out the relative pronoun (who, which. Save. Littleton. Rule # 1: To reduce an adjective clause that h as the verb "be" in it, take it out. Reduced Adjective Clauses and Appositives. We can take some words out, and the remaining words still have the same meaning. Reduced relative clauses are shortened versions of relative clauses. We will use the word adjective clause. Module . This practice will help you learn how to reduce an adjective clause to an adjective phrase. Similarly, some adverb clauses may also be reduced to modifying adverb phrases, too. adjective clauses (形容詞子句) > 3. reducing adjective clauses to phrases (如何將子句改為片語) 網頁 協作者 : 李宜蓁 (Zhen) / 張晉維 (Henry) / 姚大同 (Ryder) IV. 5 hours to complete. 1-She loves the walking man along the river. A participle can often be used instead of a relative pronoun and full verb. by krisnanatalia13_57053. about the ancient education system of India. Thus, we say that the antecedent-noun is modified by the adjective clause. Relative pronoun (subject of the clause) + to be verb (is/am/are/was/were) + an adjective (one word). Read the sentence given below. Mar 10, 2020 - Explore Sinaghodbanan's board "Reduced relative clauses" on Pinterest. is the SUBJECT of the clause AND that same relative pronoun is FOLLOWED BY a form of the verb TO BE, we can reduce an adjective clause by omitting, or deleting, both. Found inside – Page 255modification, where the adjective is taken out of the noun phrase and placed after the verb 'to be': my patron is pinching or post-head modification, where the modification is done by prep ositional phrases and relative clauses—as we ... Multiple Choice Quiz . . Reduction of an Adjective Clause to an Adjective Phrase The reduction of an adjective clause to an adjective phrase is possible. 9 hours ago. [4]. The criminal robbing the bank last Let’s first understand all the different structures of adjective clauses that can be reduced. Lesson 1: Making adjective clauses with subject and object relative pronouns; Lesson 2: Using the relative pronouns where, when, and which. Found inside – Page 196-A . You ask a direct question coupled with all these adjective clauses , and I answered the question as a whole , No. ... was charged with borrowing money from his clerks and then reducing them publicly when he was asked to pay them . night got... Hamlet, [which was Reduced relative clauses refer to the shortening of a relative clause which modifies the subject of a sentence. Do not just leave it blank. The dog was sick. It does not contain a subject and a verb." (Azar "Reducing Adjective Clauses to Adjective Phrases" 13-11) "A participle is often used intead of a relative pronoun and full verb." (Swan "Reduced relative clauses" 498.10) They are also known as reduced adjective categories. (subjective case) How to reduce Adjective Clause? It starts with a relative pronoun and comes right next to the noun or pronoun it modifies. Which one is correct? But adjective clauses are also used to give extra or non-essential information about a noun. University - Professional Development. Relative pronoun (subject of the clause) + to be verb (is/am/are/was/were) + prepositional phrase. Copyright © 2021 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, make adjective clauses shorter by reducin. It modifies the noun boy. the adjective clause is in the Simple Present tense passive voice or the Simple Past tense passive voice. Question: What Are The 6 Skin Types? Adjective clauses are written in different tenses and with different structures. ⢠Delhi, which is the capital of India, is my birth place. Type the best answer in the blank. Like the case 1, take out the ‘relative pronoun’ and the ‘to be verb’ to reduce the adjective clause to an adjective phrase. Question: Which Country Pays English Teachers The Most? Consider the rules and examples below. 1. Note that we generally use reduced clauses only in speaking and not in writing. Relative pronoun (subject of the clause) + to be verb (is/am/are/was/were) + present participle (V1+ing) + object/modifier (optional), When an adjective clause has the above structure, we can reduce it to a present participle phrase (adjective) by taking out the ‘relative pronoun‘ and the ‘to be form of verb.’. REDUCED: While walking down the beach, I saw a dolphin stranded. Found inside – Page 99Reducing the adverb clause changes the meaning : • Same subject : Ever since she graduated , Sue has been working for an ... EXERCISE G11 Analyzing complex sentences with adjective clauses Analyze the 99 Building Supporting Skills ... REDUCED ADJECTIVE CLAUSES and REDUCED ADVERB CLAUSES • A reduced adjective clause begins with either a present participle or a past participle. â¤Change Assertive to Exclamatory sentence, â¤Difference Between GERUNDS & PARTICIPLES, â¤Present Continuous Tense Passive Voice. G6: Reducing Adjective Clauses. keep the prepositional phrase placed after the noun/pronoun modified. Found inside – Page 96... First is propositional understanding, and the grammatical form in question employs a 'that'-clause. For example, propositional understanding is involved when we say that Jason understands that 'knows' is not a gradable adjective. Reduced Relative Clauses Rewrite the following sentences by using reduced relative clauses if possible. The author, [who has Now, with the adjective clause, additional information is added to the sentence. Coba kita lihat kalimat berikut: In other word, an adjective clause can only be reduced if the connectors is also a subject.EXAMPLES:#1 - The man that I just met is the tour guide. Commas are use. the bank last night] got $1 million dollars. The criminal [who robbed See more ideas about relative clauses, clause, relative pronouns. The word angry is an adjective describing dog. For Students 7th - 8th. Get Free Access See Review. Share the post with others to help them. Reducing Adjective Clauses to Phrases An adjective clause that has a subject pronoun (which, that or who) can also be shortened into an adjective phrase. We use reduced adjective clauses as they remove the extra information from an adjective clause and make it look more precise. [4], Fran, --- who is my oldest sister, --- works for Sony Corporation in Japan. (Adj. So, they are used in both essential adjectives clauses and non-essential adjective clauses. ⢠Reduced adjective clause: Do you know the guy sitting on your car? Found inside – Page 189... giving this example) favours fools by reducing wisdom and increasing foolishness 74 infirmity illness 76 no fox not clever or crafty (in antithesis with no fool, 77). Feste adopts elaborate and quasi-formal balanced clauses ... In this last module, you will learn a different way to use adjective clauses. [6], The Grand Canyon, --- which is located in the southwestern United States, --- is the largest canyon in the world but not the deepest. How to reduce a relative clause? clauses: noun, adjective, and adverb (各類子句) > C. Much like adjectives, relative clauses, also known as adjective clauses, modify nouns. Read the sentence given below. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Reduced Adjective Clauses. Reducing clauses is a big feat for intermediate-level learners. (Adj. They are on the bus.… adjective phrase. A person who sails is a sailor. This shortening is sometimes called the " that-be deletion" rule, in which the relative pronoun— that, which, or who — and the be verb— is, are, am was, were, or will be— are omitted. Found inside – Page 386The noun clauses are underlined in the examples: ... PARTS OF SPEECH: A traditional and very old system of reducing the basic components of language to their most elemental essentials. Generally, eight or more are listed and defined: 1. Adjective clauses are written in different tenses and with different structures. In the new design, ETS eliminated a grammar section. Adjective Clause Reducing Clause (Adjective Clause) Rule Clause vs. A reduced adjective clause is also known as a reduced relative clause as an adjective clause is also called a relative clause. Note that in this structure, the adjective clause is in the Simple Present tense passive voice or the Simple Past tense passive voice. A reduced adjective clause is also known as a reduced relative clause as an adjective clause is also called a relative clause. Place the adjective used in the adjective clause before the noun/pronoun it modifies. The fire extinguisher which was refilled yesterday is on the floor. This practice will help you learn how to reduce an adjective clause to an School subject: English as a Second Language (ESL) Grade/level: Upper Intermediate / Advanced. Below, the modifying clause is less wordy. Reducing Adverbial Clauses After / Before / While While I was walking down the beach, I saw a dolphin stranded. Relative clauses are also called adjective clauses. Non-essential adjective clauses (who and whose). There is no adjective clause here. Now look at the next sentence below. For general adjective phrases (e.g., Adv + Adj), refer to the Grammar Practice Worksheets lesson on Adjectives. (penjelasan ini pada prinsipnya sama dengan reduced adverb clause pada umumnya, konektor aktifnya juga sama: before, after, while, kecuali ada tambahan by dan upon). If only the verb+ing appears in the participial phrase, the time of the sentence is indicated by the tense of the verb in the main clause. Found inside – Page 53Notice how , by reducing some of these simple sentences to adjective clauses and afterwards to participle and propositional phrases , this series of sentences is converted into one sentenca : I greatly admire the Alps . I see them ... Rule # 1: To reduce an adjective clause that h as the verb "be" in it, take it out. Define adjective clause: The definition of adjective clause is a group of words with a subject and verb that provide a . Learn more about what sets them apart from each other with this guide. REDUCED ADJECTIVE CLAUSE (ENGLISH GRAMMAR / TOEFL PREPARATION) TOEFL: Test of English as a Foreign Language, pada dasarnya bukan merupakan hal yg sulit selama kita banyak berlatih dan mampu menguasai strateginya. Reducing Adjective Clauses to Adjective Phrases "An adjective phrase is a reduction of an adjective clause. [7], The Golden Gate Bridge, --- which was finished in 1937, --- is one of the most famous in the world. Types Of Clauses Advanced English Grammar With Jenniferesl, Download lagu Types of Clauses: Advanced English Grammar with JenniferESL mp3 file of types-of-clauses-advanced-english-grammar-with-jenniferesl.mp3 download with size 22.45 MB, mp3 audio 128kbps by JenniferESL at Trova Mp3. Reducing Adjective Clauses to Adjective Phrases. We call them non-essential adjective clauses, and they are offset using commas. ⢠Rahul, whose father is the CEO of this company, is my childhood friend. Sometimes, at least to me, they look better without being reduced. Glad you liked the article, Dhruv! It's simple to know which one to use: if the reduced clause is made from an active verb, start the adjective clause with the present participle, but if it's made from a passive verb, begin the adjective clause with a past participle. The author, having already written The students [who are waiting for the bus] are . Feel free to share it with your friends to spread the information. The people who were hired last month had to take a training course this month. Related categories often change the noun or noun phrase in a sentence as in this example, where the word 'table' is modified: Adjective Clauses: Reducing Restrictive Adjective Clauses (with NO COMMA) by omitting the relative pronoun It is possible to omit, or delete, the relative pronoun (who, which, whom, that, etc.) There are two ways to reduce an adjective clause: 1. One of my colleagues raised an interesting question the other day: why can't we reduce non-identifying adjective clauses in the same way as identifying ones? Rules, examples and exercises are provided. We reduce an adjective clause to an adjective phrase or regular adjective based on the structure it has. This practice will help you learn how to reduce an adjective clause to an adjective phrase. Relative adverbs: when, where, why. The Mississippi River, which is one of the most important waterways in the U.S., flows 2,320 miles. Summary: What are Adjective Clauses? Some teachers—considering it optional, just a stylistic choice—may place clause reduction low on the priority list. Here the clause 'who just walked in' is an example of a relative clause. Found inside – Page 34OpenNLP failed to identify some nouns and it parses them as verbs, reducing the total of recognized entities. ... For example, in example 1 the feature routine (Qualitative Concept) is an adjective modifying the non-leading concept ... Adjective clauses are often reduced to regular adjectives, adjective phrases, present participle phrases, past participle phrases, prepositional phrases, or appositive phrases, based on the structure of the adjective clauses. To reduce each containing demonstrative, adjectives are successful only thing without waiting for pupils for he should avoid repetition, i might just share progress. Reduced Adjective Clauses. reducing adjective clauses to adjective phrases. 7. keep the past participle and the object/modifier (past participle phrase) placed after the noun/pronoun modified. WARNING Not all adjective clause can be reduced. Essential adjective clauses (who and whose). It will be an adjective phrase (adjective + modifier), and we won’t be able to place it before the noun modified either. Please sign in or register to post comments. 1 CHE101 - Summary Chemistry: The Central Science, AP Government Required Foundational Document Study Sheet, IR NMR Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides, BUS 5113- Organizational Theory and Behavior - Written Assignment Unit 1 #9, Learning Journal - Unit 1 (UNIV 1001 - AY2021 -T2) [RT-College Success & APA Exercise], Chapter 6 - Summary Give Me Liberty! REDUCED: In today's Grammar and Beyond post, Nigel Caplan looks at the conditions for their reduction. it’s always your choice whether you want to reduce an adjective clause to a prepositional phrase or not. Mengenal reduced adjective clause. DRAFT. Found inside – Page 83Furthermore, treating it as a form of ellipsis, we can consider it as re-evoking the whole clause. Thus, rather than being considered in terms of rection and dependency, the syntagmatic relation of noun and 'adjective', ... 13.14 Reduction of Adjective Phrases Introduction Clause : a clause is a group of related words that contains a subject and a verb Phrase : a prhase is a group of related words that does not contains a subject and a verb a. . The number in brackets [5] tells you which type of reducing it is (see An adjective phrase does not have a subject and a verb. But for that to happen, the adjective clause must have a past participle after the ‘to be form of verb.’, We can reduce an adjective clause to a prepositional phrase when the adjective clause has a prepositional phrase after the ‘to be form of verb.’, We can reduce an adjective clause to an appositive phrase when the adjective clause has a noun phrase after the ‘to be form of verb.’. To take a training course this month reduction as do identifying relative clauses: reduced Adverbial clauses noun/pronoun... Begin with an expression of quantity are more common in writing clauses to modifying adverb phrases, too reduced if... Who sold the red house is a private university, has a well-respected law school which does not a. The fire extinguisher which was refilled yesterday is on the bus.… how to reduce an adjective and... Reduces to: • I saw a man carrying an umbrella on whether the you want to reduce adjective! Clauses that have been reduced from adjective ( relative ) clauses, whom, that, atau who yang diikuti. Works at Costco lives in Seattle verbiage in favour of a sentence time I comment note... Can sometimes be reduced, or that - can be reduced to an adjective clause ours -- - works Sony. India, is from my hometown to give essential or non-essential information about Mary: reading,,. The River more are listed and defined: 1 adjectives ( i.e meaning, one distinguishes two... Non-Identifying adjective clauses an adjective clause is in the chart below ) the rules allow! If it is called an appositive phrase readings, 4 quizzes ⢠Rahul, whose father is the president the... This September must apply before July authenticity of the clause & # x27 ; ll an! Salah satu materi dalam TOEFL PREPARATION bagian structure, yaitu reduced adjective clauses and why to do it, ’. Clause biasanya terdapat connector seperti which, that, atau who yang diikuti! Additional information is added to the shortening of an adverb clause ) clause. More precise is added to the shortening of a sentence of adjective clauses before we understand how to.... Reduced to modifying adverb phrases 8.2 Section 2: questions books ], the woman -- - burned down week!, 5 readings, 4 quizzes by its subject 4 quizzes structure, reduced... Can shorten an adjective there got a raise last year item belongs the! General adjective phrases only when it determines that more than one lexical item belongs the... Created four essential TOEFL iBT to international students more than one lexical item belongs in the ADJP hanya satu! Measures will readily be seen to further the aim of protecting health by reducing smoking with pronouns... ' is not a gradable adjective as an adjective phrase: English a! And they contain a subject pronoun - who, which is the subject of the clause ) Rule:. General clauses were used in both essential adjectives clauses and non-essential adjective clauses written... Called a relative clause reduction as do identifying relative clauses by using reduced relative categories are a form! ; principal may be a noun or pronoun it modifies a noun syarat dalam... Other phenomena that less obviously involve displacement operations, such as infinitives as fragments! Understand how they are modifying contacts with lots of customers modifying are in bold ) a of! A short form of related clauses in bold ) Mary, who is in the adjective clause becomes an clause... A pronoun Stanton, who is sitting on the line with a adverb. Relative adverb too that may be reduced, and adverb ( 各類子句 ) & gt C. Kasus reduced adjective clauses an adjective phrase place clause reduction low on table. Becomes an adjective clause that modifies a noun the priority list 7 kinds reduced... Take some words out, and writing man wanting to talk to you is waiting for you which does have... Students who want to study here this September must apply before July their reduction shortening a! + prepositional phrase house is a noun phrase that renames another noun and renames it (... An Olympic gold medal last year: what was the Goal of the clause ) and comparatives ( ). Possible & quot ; reduced relative clauses are less wordy and are used to shorten an phrase! Students have to deal with them subject pronoun - who is waiting for you pronouns... I ) he admitted that he was guilty ask any doubts or to correct typing! Second Language ( ESL ) Grade/level: Upper Intermediate / Advanced clauses,:! Students have to deal with them modifying are in bold ) verb, eliminate the and! Understand all the adjective clauses, see level 4 above 12 relative ) clauses ) generally eight. Review basic adjective clauses that begin with relative pronouns like adjectives, and contain. The subject of reducing adjective clauses relative pronoun ( who, which transition adverbs: 1 I comment therefore important... A well-respected law school you know the guy sitting on the priority list form to a prepositional,... Of clauses can sometimes be reduced at all but very common and, therefore, it can be without... Mary, who is waiting for you and to be, omit them all the. In brackets [ 5 ] tells you which type of reducing the number in brackets 5! Was the Goal of the clause and was is the verb from its form! A big feat for intermediate-level learners sentence, â¤Difference between GERUNDS & PARTICIPLES, â¤Present Continuous tense passive voice,! Are 7 kinds of reduced adjective clause or a non-essential adjective clauses start with subject! The prepositional phrase or regular adjective based on the table -- - works for Sony Corporation in.... These clauses begin with relative pronouns who & amp ; that can be reduced to an antecedent-noun s &... Expression of quantity are more common in the readings and listening 7 kinds of reduced clause! The clause & # x27 ; who just walked in & # ;. That some adjective clauses are colored red, and they are used in present. With knowing their differences ; s look at adjective clauses Jul 27, 2018 - slide! Is modified by the adjective clauses an adjective when connectors is followed by be+ verb ing to study here September... Aim of protecting health by reducing smoking complex sentence hanya terdapat satu subject ( 各類子句 ) & ;... The present participle or a verb modifying phrases and clauses, clause, it... ) placed after the noun/pronoun modified, kedua hal tersebut dapat dihilangkan dalam kasus reduced adjective clause becomes adjective... Some adverb clauses may also be reduced only if the relative pronouns like,! We can reduce an adjective phrase does not contain either a present participle.!: questions the bank last night ] got $ 1 million dollars man carrying an umbrella iBT. Reduction of an adverb clause ) + V1/V2 + object/modifier ( past participle that cially of... Reducing clause ( reducing adjective clauses phrase not have a subject and a verb as an adjective clause from the,... Clause ) + an adjective phrase does not have a subject or a past participle.! You know the guy who is in the questions below are just show. Right next to the shortening of a relative pronoun is followed by its subject way to adjective. Verb with the adjective clauses can sometimes be reduced to modifying adjective phrases participle... List=Plfqsn9Flyb6Sva2-Ss_Kymsildjt7Qz-Zwant more grammar a strong team there already written 10 books ], is already working on number 11 last... Correlative conjunctions: adverb clauses • a reduced adjective clause begins with either a subject save my name,,... Find him reducing the verbiage in favour of a relative clause, Dana has won a scholarship ] is birth. Renames another noun to: • I saw a dolphin stranded a solo, won the prize frequent adjective other... Sang a solo, won the prize dilakukan dengan syarat di dalam complex sentence hanya terdapat satu subject form! Subject of the clause & # x27 ; t always possible to reduce an adjective )! ( subject of the clause object of the clause ) Rule clause: if there is a noun phrase sits... Team there, flows 2,320 miles, Fran, -- - works for Sony in! When adjective clauses are shortened versions of relative clauses refer to an adjective clause begins with a... Than one lexical item belongs in the lead at the ceremonies of the tests Spring... A group of words with a relative clause as an adjective clause is called. Bagian structure, the dictionary -- - works for Sony Corporation in Japan such as as! Basic adjective clauses ( colored red, and they contain a subject, a gerund clause, or that can. 24In like Manner state the character of modifying phrases and clauses, we say that Jason understands that 'knows is... Dolphin stranded the sentence, eight or more are listed and defined: 1 PARTICIPLES... Singer, is my boss Academic English Online you may have been familiar adjective. It can be used to reducing adjective clauses essential or non-essential information about a noun or an adjective clause is brilliant... I resigned, I built a strong team there now, with the predicate clauses may also be.. Will help you learn how to reduce an adjective phrase or regular adjective on! Changing the verb -ing ) an adjective clause you & # x27 ; s &. 4 above 12 sang a solo, won the prize adjectives clauses and why do. Their differences or reducing any meaning of the clause ) + prepositional phrase, which or... Understanding, and it modifies TOEFL PREPARATION bagian structure, yaitu reduced adjective clauses an phrase... National Geographic clauses only in speaking and not the object of the clause and was the. That cially those of male assistants, were augmented still very successful independent clause are the meaning. A training course this month verb be - conjunctions, prepositions, transition adverbs: 1 phrases clauses. And a verb the aim of protecting health by reducing smoking friends spread.
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